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RUSSIA


After the victory in the Kulikovskaya battle (1380) and the 'Ugra standing' (1480) that put an end to the Tartar-Mongolian yoke the might of Muscovy started to quickly grow. In the 15th century by the size of its territory and population Moscow surpassed London, Prague and other largest cities of Europe. After the abolition of serfdom (1861) and in the course of developing capitalism in Russia rates of Moscow' s growth increased and the city became the largest commercial and industrial center. By the end of the 19th century there were over 20 thousand commercial and industrial enterprises. Moscow's industrial structure was dominated by textile, building, woodworking and food sectors. The period of the industrial upsurge was marked by vigorous advances of the foreign capital penetrating the Russian industry. All chemical and electrotechnical enterprises in Moscow were in the hands of foreign companies. Moscow 's machine-building industry gathered momentum in its deelopment after the October coup. The Moscow of calico gave way to the Moscow of machine-building and electrical engineering. Retaining its very important role in producing consumer goods for the country as a whole Moscow became the powerful industrial center. No new industrial enterprises have been opened in the city during the period of democratic changes and this has had positive effect on the local ecology. What is more, many old enterprises now either curtail their production or move beyond city limits. At the same time new buildings (mainly, administrative, office and trade ones) keep cropping up.   

 

 
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